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Chincha Islands War : ウィキペディア英語版
Chincha Islands War

The Chincha Islands War ((スペイン語:Guerra hispano-sudamericana)) was a series of coastal and naval battles between Spain and its former colonies of Peru and Chile from 1864 to 1866. The conflict began with Spain's seizure of the guano-rich Chincha Islands in one of a series of attempts by Spain, under Isabella II, to reassert its influence over its former South American colonies. The war saw the use of ironclads, including the Spanish ship ''Numancia'', the first ironclad to circumnavigate the world.
==Background==

Military expenditure greatly increased during Isabella's reign, and as a consequence, Spain rose to a position as the world's fourth naval power. Spain engaged in colonial adventures in the 1850s and 1860s in regions as disparate as Morocco, Indochina, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic (which it briefly reoccupied).
At the end of 1862, Spain sent a scientific expedition to South American waters, with the covert purpose of reinforcing the financial and legal claims of Spanish citizens residing in the Americas. The expedition was under the command of Admiral Luis Hernández Pinzón – a direct descendant of the Pinzón brothers who had accompanied Christopher Columbus on his voyage that resulted in the modern European discovery of America. Pinzón's squadron was composed of four warships: the twin steam frigates ''Triunfo'' and ''Resolución'', the corvette ''Vencedora'' and the schooner ''Virgen de Covadonga''.
The Spanish ships arrived at the port of Valparaiso, Chile on April 18, 1863. Spain had recognized Chilean independence since the 1840s, and the nations had maintained diplomatic relations. The expedition was cordially received, and the Admiral exchanged visits with local authorities. The vessels left Chile in July amicably and moved on to Peru. Even though Spain had never recognized Peruvian independence (declared in 1821), the squadron received a friendly welcome at the port of Callao. They stayed in port for a few weeks and then sailed, bound for San Francisco, California.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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